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Mouse Respiratory Mechanics After Exposure to Diesel Particulate Matter of Heavy-Duty Vehicles Complying with Brazilian Emission Standards
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A2278 - Mouse Respiratory Mechanics After Exposure to Diesel Particulate Matter of Heavy-Duty Vehicles Complying with Brazilian Emission Standards
Author Block: W. A. Zin1, F. L. Gondim2, M. M. Oliveiera3, R. S. Araujo4, F. S. Cavalcanate2; 1Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal Univ of Rio De Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2Institute of Physiological Sciences, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil, 3Physical Sciences Department, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil, 4Chemistry Department, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil.
Particulate matter from diesel exhaust comprises a significant fraction of the urban air pollution. The vehicle emission control program in Brazil follows the European standards EURO III and EURO V. Even though the Brazilian standards aim to reach EURO V, there are many urban heavy-duty vehicles that still comply with EURO III standard. Thus, we aimed to investigate the respiratory effects of total suspended particulate matter (TSPM) from heavy-duty vehicles complying with EURO III and EURO V standards. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group (CC, n=8) exposed to ambient air, and two groups exposed to TSPM collected from the exhaust pipes of EURO III (E3, n=8) and EURO V (E5, n=8) engines. A mechanical ventilator for small animals (FlexiVent, SCIREQ, Montreal, Canada) was used for the analysis of respiratory mechanics. CC group presented airway resistance (RN) = 0.18 ± 0.03 cmH2O/mL/s, tissue viscance (G) = 3.05 ± 0.46 cmH2O/mL, tissue elastance (H) = 19.52 ± 1.99 cmH2O/mL, hysteresivity (η) = 0.16 ± 0.02, PV loop area (PV) 3.08 ± 0.43 cmH2O.mL, static compliance (Cst) = 0.11 ± 0.01 mL/cmH2O and inspiratory capacity (IC) = 1.08 ± 0.08 mL. E3 and E5 animals showed impaired respiratory mechanics compared to CC: RN increased 64% (E3) and 27% (E5); G raised 272% (E3) and 171% (E5); H augmented 138% (E3) and 88% (E5); η raised 60% (E3) and 48% (E5); PV increased 92% (E3) and 37% (E5); Cst was reduced by 43% (E3) and 33% (E5); IC diminished 35% (E3) and 26% (E5). E5 group, compared to E3, showed lower values of airway resistance (23%), tissue resistance (27%), tissue elastance (21%) and hysteresivity (7%). IC, Cst, and η did not differ between E3 and E5. Our results showed that TSPM from diesel vehicles complying with EURO III and EURO V still impaired respiratory system mechanics. Additionally, E5 presented lower impact than E3.
Author Block: W. A. Zin1, F. L. Gondim2, M. M. Oliveiera3, R. S. Araujo4, F. S. Cavalcanate2; 1Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal Univ of Rio De Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2Institute of Physiological Sciences, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil, 3Physical Sciences Department, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil, 4Chemistry Department, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil.
Particulate matter from diesel exhaust comprises a significant fraction of the urban air pollution. The vehicle emission control program in Brazil follows the European standards EURO III and EURO V. Even though the Brazilian standards aim to reach EURO V, there are many urban heavy-duty vehicles that still comply with EURO III standard. Thus, we aimed to investigate the respiratory effects of total suspended particulate matter (TSPM) from heavy-duty vehicles complying with EURO III and EURO V standards. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group (CC, n=8) exposed to ambient air, and two groups exposed to TSPM collected from the exhaust pipes of EURO III (E3, n=8) and EURO V (E5, n=8) engines. A mechanical ventilator for small animals (FlexiVent, SCIREQ, Montreal, Canada) was used for the analysis of respiratory mechanics. CC group presented airway resistance (RN) = 0.18 ± 0.03 cmH2O/mL/s, tissue viscance (G) = 3.05 ± 0.46 cmH2O/mL, tissue elastance (H) = 19.52 ± 1.99 cmH2O/mL, hysteresivity (η) = 0.16 ± 0.02, PV loop area (PV) 3.08 ± 0.43 cmH2O.mL, static compliance (Cst) = 0.11 ± 0.01 mL/cmH2O and inspiratory capacity (IC) = 1.08 ± 0.08 mL. E3 and E5 animals showed impaired respiratory mechanics compared to CC: RN increased 64% (E3) and 27% (E5); G raised 272% (E3) and 171% (E5); H augmented 138% (E3) and 88% (E5); η raised 60% (E3) and 48% (E5); PV increased 92% (E3) and 37% (E5); Cst was reduced by 43% (E3) and 33% (E5); IC diminished 35% (E3) and 26% (E5). E5 group, compared to E3, showed lower values of airway resistance (23%), tissue resistance (27%), tissue elastance (21%) and hysteresivity (7%). IC, Cst, and η did not differ between E3 and E5. Our results showed that TSPM from diesel vehicles complying with EURO III and EURO V still impaired respiratory system mechanics. Additionally, E5 presented lower impact than E3.
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