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Association of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acid Intake with Inflammation and Respiratory Outcomes in COPD
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A3139 - Association of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acid Intake with Inflammation and Respiratory Outcomes in COPD
Author Block: C. M. Lemoine Soto1, H. Woo1, K. Romero1, E. Brigham1, M. C. McCormack1, G. B. Diette1, C. Hanson2, A. Fawzy1, A. Koch1, N. Putcha1, N. N. Hansel1; 1Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD, United States, 2University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
Rationale: Previous studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids (FA) mostly promote anti-inflammatory activities. In contrast, omega-6 FA are the most relevant precursors of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and, therefore mostly mediate pro-inflammatory activities. Many observational studies link higher dietary intake of omega-3 with improved health outcomes, but little is known about the effect of these polyunsaturated FA in COPD. This analysis aims to investigate the relationship of omega-3 and omega-6 FA intake with inflammation and respiratory outcomes in patients with COPD. Methods: Cross-sectional data was available on 60 participants with COPD enrolled in the CLEAN AIR Study. At baseline, the Willet-Food Frequency Questionnaire was completed and participants were administered the COPD Assesment Test (CAT), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) questionnaire and spirometry was performed to assess lung function. Blood was drawn for serum IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels. Multivariable regression models were used to determine the association of omega-3 and omega-6 dietary intake with COPD outcomes and biomarkers, adjusting for age, gender, education, BMI, total calorie intake and FEV1 (except in models where FEV1 was the outcome). Results: Mean FEV1 among participants was 52.4 percent predicted (SD 17.0) and mean age was 68.9 (SD 8.3) years. Fifty seven percent of the participants were male and mean BMI was 30.8 (SD 7.2). Participants consumed on average 0.3±0.3g of omega-3 and 16.3±7.2g of omega-6 a day. Mean CAT score and mMRC score were 16.6 (SD 8.3) and 1.4 (SD 0.8), respectively. There was a trend for higher omega-3 dietary intake to be associated with lower dyspnea (mMRC; β=-0.8, P=0.05) and better CAT score (β =-6.4, 0.12) but these associations did not reach statistical significance. Higher omega-3 intake was significantly associated with lower serum levels of IL-1β (β=-2.0, P=0.02). Higher dietary intake of omega-6 was associated with worse dyspnea (mMRC; β =0.07 P=0.01) and lower FEV1 percent predicted (β =-1.1, P=0.04). Omega-6 intake was not associated with serum cytokines. Conclusion: Our results suggest that omega-3 dietary intake is linked with reduced inflammation and improved respiratory outcomes in moderate-severe COPD; while omega-6 levels may be associated with worse outcomes, including increased dyspnea and lower lung function. Further research is warranted to determine whether dietary intake of polyunsaturated fats may be a modifiable risk factor for the improvement of respiratory morbidity in patients with COPD.
Author Block: C. M. Lemoine Soto1, H. Woo1, K. Romero1, E. Brigham1, M. C. McCormack1, G. B. Diette1, C. Hanson2, A. Fawzy1, A. Koch1, N. Putcha1, N. N. Hansel1; 1Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD, United States, 2University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
Rationale: Previous studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids (FA) mostly promote anti-inflammatory activities. In contrast, omega-6 FA are the most relevant precursors of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and, therefore mostly mediate pro-inflammatory activities. Many observational studies link higher dietary intake of omega-3 with improved health outcomes, but little is known about the effect of these polyunsaturated FA in COPD. This analysis aims to investigate the relationship of omega-3 and omega-6 FA intake with inflammation and respiratory outcomes in patients with COPD. Methods: Cross-sectional data was available on 60 participants with COPD enrolled in the CLEAN AIR Study. At baseline, the Willet-Food Frequency Questionnaire was completed and participants were administered the COPD Assesment Test (CAT), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) questionnaire and spirometry was performed to assess lung function. Blood was drawn for serum IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels. Multivariable regression models were used to determine the association of omega-3 and omega-6 dietary intake with COPD outcomes and biomarkers, adjusting for age, gender, education, BMI, total calorie intake and FEV1 (except in models where FEV1 was the outcome). Results: Mean FEV1 among participants was 52.4 percent predicted (SD 17.0) and mean age was 68.9 (SD 8.3) years. Fifty seven percent of the participants were male and mean BMI was 30.8 (SD 7.2). Participants consumed on average 0.3±0.3g of omega-3 and 16.3±7.2g of omega-6 a day. Mean CAT score and mMRC score were 16.6 (SD 8.3) and 1.4 (SD 0.8), respectively. There was a trend for higher omega-3 dietary intake to be associated with lower dyspnea (mMRC; β=-0.8, P=0.05) and better CAT score (β =-6.4, 0.12) but these associations did not reach statistical significance. Higher omega-3 intake was significantly associated with lower serum levels of IL-1β (β=-2.0, P=0.02). Higher dietary intake of omega-6 was associated with worse dyspnea (mMRC; β =0.07 P=0.01) and lower FEV1 percent predicted (β =-1.1, P=0.04). Omega-6 intake was not associated with serum cytokines. Conclusion: Our results suggest that omega-3 dietary intake is linked with reduced inflammation and improved respiratory outcomes in moderate-severe COPD; while omega-6 levels may be associated with worse outcomes, including increased dyspnea and lower lung function. Further research is warranted to determine whether dietary intake of polyunsaturated fats may be a modifiable risk factor for the improvement of respiratory morbidity in patients with COPD.
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