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Personal Protective Equipment, Staten Island Fresh Kills Landfill and More Lessons Learned from September 11th
Description
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A1938 - Personal Protective Equipment, Staten Island Fresh Kills Landfill and More Lessons Learned from September 11th
Author Block: D. Poliner1, C. Ekenga2, J. Cone3; 1Internal Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, 2Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States, 3World Trade Center Health Registry, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, United States.
Rationale
In a series of sampling surveys of 4,490 individuals who stated they worked as part of the recovery effort outside of Ground Zero, a new data set independent of the original World Trade Center Health Registry (WTCHR) database was established in 2011. The goal of this study was to provide quantitative analysis of the general characteristics of those individuals working at the Fresh Kills Landfill, the piers and the transport barges in order to assess their demographics, personal protective equipment usage and their potential exposures. It also used the concept of a principal component analysis to better explain associations between the people and activities performed outside of Ground Zero to help establish and better compare the various groups of people who participated in the World Trade Center recovery effort.
Methods
Analysis of the Staten Island Survey data was conducted using SAS.9.2 software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). As a means of consolidating the seventeen activity variables into a more useable construct for the creation of an exposure matrix, a factor analysis was conducted using this software. Given that the initial survey had three different time points for each activity, the factor analysis program was written to combine each into a single activity variable. Each variable was then changed from a categorical to a numerical type to create new numerical activity variables based on the activity data points. These were then added one at time into the factor analysis program to ensure their usability. After it was determined that each new variable could be used successfully, a final factor analysis was done that provided 5 combinations of activities with the greatest similarity and overlap. This was repeated using both squared multiple correlations and principal methods.
Results
When run through the factor analysis and placed into the exposure matrix, there was a significant degree of overlap between those individuals who worked in Lower Manhattan and on Staten Island. Though not large there was also an association between lack of mask use, higher possible exposure and those in the supposed exclusion zone at the Landfill.
Conclusions
In accordance with Haber’s Law the double exposure increases the dose of toxic material and puts people at more risk of long-term health effects regardless of concentration even in those in the supposed safe zones. This study quantifies the qualitative data of reports of lack of personal protective equipment in areas outside of Ground Zero.
Author Block: D. Poliner1, C. Ekenga2, J. Cone3; 1Internal Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, 2Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States, 3World Trade Center Health Registry, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, United States.
Rationale
In a series of sampling surveys of 4,490 individuals who stated they worked as part of the recovery effort outside of Ground Zero, a new data set independent of the original World Trade Center Health Registry (WTCHR) database was established in 2011. The goal of this study was to provide quantitative analysis of the general characteristics of those individuals working at the Fresh Kills Landfill, the piers and the transport barges in order to assess their demographics, personal protective equipment usage and their potential exposures. It also used the concept of a principal component analysis to better explain associations between the people and activities performed outside of Ground Zero to help establish and better compare the various groups of people who participated in the World Trade Center recovery effort.
Methods
Analysis of the Staten Island Survey data was conducted using SAS.9.2 software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). As a means of consolidating the seventeen activity variables into a more useable construct for the creation of an exposure matrix, a factor analysis was conducted using this software. Given that the initial survey had three different time points for each activity, the factor analysis program was written to combine each into a single activity variable. Each variable was then changed from a categorical to a numerical type to create new numerical activity variables based on the activity data points. These were then added one at time into the factor analysis program to ensure their usability. After it was determined that each new variable could be used successfully, a final factor analysis was done that provided 5 combinations of activities with the greatest similarity and overlap. This was repeated using both squared multiple correlations and principal methods.
Results
When run through the factor analysis and placed into the exposure matrix, there was a significant degree of overlap between those individuals who worked in Lower Manhattan and on Staten Island. Though not large there was also an association between lack of mask use, higher possible exposure and those in the supposed exclusion zone at the Landfill.
Conclusions
In accordance with Haber’s Law the double exposure increases the dose of toxic material and puts people at more risk of long-term health effects regardless of concentration even in those in the supposed safe zones. This study quantifies the qualitative data of reports of lack of personal protective equipment in areas outside of Ground Zero.
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