The number of persons with cognitive impairment/dementia will triple in the next 30 years. The bidirectional relationship between cognitive impairment and critical illness means a growing number of persons with cognitive impairment/dementia will be admitted to the ICU. Moreover, among the growing number of survivors, up to 75% will develop new or worsened cognitive impairment as the result of their critical illness. This session will use a diverse and interdisciplinary panel of speakers to explore the associations between cognitive impairment and critical illness and discuss the unique issues that patients with cognitive impairment/dementia who become critically ill face in the ICU.