Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are present in the environment, and cause pulmonary disease that is increasingly common. Diagnosis and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) remains substantially complex. The 2007 treatment guidelines for NTM (including Mycobacterium avium complex), based primarily on expert opinion, have been updated and will be published prior to the ATS 2018 meeting. The session will review our current knowledge of NTM epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment and present the latest global research updates.