Recent high impact papers show the critical role of the mitochondria in lung inflammation and associated tissue injury. Apart from the cellular energy powerhouse of the mitochondria, recent studies suggest critical inflammatory signaling pathways drive cell behavior and death. The goal of this symposium is to highlight recent exciting data that points to possible mitochondrial mechanisms (e.g. heme biosynthesis, oxygen sensing, mitochondria biogenesis, mitophagy, and mitochondrial repair) that drive pulmonary inflammation and injury. Targeting these pathways have the potential to lead to a novel therapeutic approach to treat acute lung tissue injury induced by inflammation.